![]() ![]() Mexican Indian non-violent resistance to de-Indianization through forced re-location could be related to pilgrimages as a form of media preservation of indigenous histories. The similarities in practice and material culture in magic pueblos suggest common origins for magic pueblos called Mazatán in different regions. We suggest an archaeology of "sacred resistance" to explore non-violent resistance through blended idolatry and ritual display. Sacred blending of indigenous and European traditions symbols the ancient tactic "wearing the skin of others" to "hide in plain sight" is central to the relationship between regional populations of colonial Mexico. This work examines material culture (artifacts and features) providing evidenc e of syncretism and crypto-conversion. Sacred Mothers of Mazatán: Resistance, Revenants, and Requiemīy Patrick O'Neill, Jose Botello, and Megan Montgomery I also discuss how these Charmstones' life-histories exhibit a multiplicity of contexts that result in a variety of archaeological interpretations according to cultural affiliation. Charmstones are associated with sacred practices and stand as symbolic referents of fish, human spirits, and the cosmology of the "afterlife." While Shamans apparently employed the "sorcery stones" in ceremonies involving sympathetic magic, fish and ducks are manifestations of the human spirit in native cultures of California (Latta 1949, Kroeber 1909). Such patterns may exhibit multiple utilitarian and symbolic functions within the prehistoric interaction spheres in California. I will argue that the use and reclassification of these artifacts between cultures explains patterns of life-history. This research proposes a "transitional context" model, based on changes in systemic life-history that demonstrates shifts in artifacts' identities as they are exchanged or reused across cultures. In this paper, Schiffer's (1972) theoretical model is revised to explain the multiple possible uses of a charmstone cache found on the eastern shoreline of ancient Tulare Lake, near Tipton, California. Previous studies interpreted these artifacts as shamans' tools for fishing, rain-magic and curing ceremonies (Sharp 2000, Elasser & Rhoads 1996). ![]() According to most ethnographic testimonies gathered from Native California groups in the San Joaquin Valley and adjacent regions, charmstones are, ultimately, objects associated with inter-cultural patrimony and public ceremonialism. Charmstones" are a class of soft-stone carved artifacts found near waterways in Central California. ![]()
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